社会・政治・経済

小室圭さんの論文　日本語訳

kei paper
Advertisements

結論

ウェブサイトは多くの起業家に人気がありますが、企業は、商標、プライバシー、ADA基準へのコンプライアンスの確保など、いくつかの課題に直面しています。これらの課題は非常に大きいものですが、法律を理解することで、企業オーナーは潜在的な訴訟を回避し、他の企業との差別化を図ることができます。

とはいえ、これらの課題を検討するだけでは十分ではありません。なぜなら、これらは対処しなければならない数多くの課題の一部に過ぎないからです。起業家は、自分がオンラインで提供するビジネスの種類や製品・サービスに関する具体的な法律を調べる必要があります。例えば、ジョンがFordham Coffeeのウェブサイトで商品の購入に使えるギフトカードをオンラインで販売する場合、ジョンは1人の人間に対して1日に10,000ドルを超える売上を避けなければなりません。*44 ここで述べた3つの問題に加えて、起業家は自分のビジネスに適用されるすべての法律に目を向ける必要があります。プライバシーに関しては、子供を対象としたウェブサイトの運営者は、Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act(子供のオンライン・プライバシー保護法)を遵守する必要があります。*45

Webサイトのアクセシビリティに関するすべての問題に対処することは困難な場合もありますが、 法的な落とし穴を回避し、潜在的なリスクを可能な限り抑えるためには、企業家はWebサイトのコンプライアンスに関する法律を常に把握しておく必要があります。

巻末注

  1. See Small Business Websites in 2018, Clutch, https://clutch.co/website-builders/resources/small-business-websites-2018 (last visited February 2, 2020). 
  2. Several companies provide services whereby users can choose templates to create their own websites. Wix.com, Inc is one of such companies. See About, Wix.com, Inc, https://ja.wix.com/about/us (last visited February 2, 2020). 
  3. “John” and “Fordham Coffee” are fictional names used solely for the purpose of simulation. 
  4. See Isidore Kantrowitz et al. ¶ B301.01 Corporate Name Must Meet All Statutory Requirements, White, New York Business Entities (2020). 
  5. See Steven R. Gersz et al. §11.06 Utilizing Trademarks and Service Marks, LexisNexis Answer Guide New York Business Entities (2019). 
  6. See id. 
  7. See Possible Grounds for Refusal of a Mark, U.S. Patent and Trademark Office,https://www.uspto.gov/trademark/additional-guidance-and-resources/possible-grounds-refusal-mark (last visited February 10, 2020). 
  8. See id. 
  9. See id.
  10. See id.
  11. See id.
  12. See id.
  13. See id.
  14. See id. 
  15. This method, however, might not show all ongoing filings. See Search trademark database, U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, https://www.uspto.gov/trademarks-application-process/search-trademark-database (last visited February 10, 2020). 
  16. Although the timing of filing depends on the entrepreneurs’ preferences, it is generally recommended to file early to reduce the chance that another business might register a similar trademark. Furthermore, the registration allows entrepreneurs to file a trademark infringement lawsuit in federal court when the entrepreneurs find such infringement. See Jane Haskins, When Is the Right Time to Trademark Your Brand, LegalZoom.com, Inc. (Jun. 2017), https://www.legalzoom.com/articles/when-is-the-right-time-to-trademark-your-brand .
  17. See Michelle Tyde & Brooke McGuffey, Avoid Legal Traps When Drafting a Privacy Policy, Daily Report (Oct. 26, 2016), https://www.law.com/dailyreportonline/almID/1202770776395/avoid-legal-traps-when-drafting-a-privacy-policy/?slreturn=20200401144758 .
  18. See Amanda Grannis, You Didn’t Even Notice! Elements of Effective Online Privacy Policies, 42 Fordham Urb. L. J. 1109, 1170 (2016). 
  19. See id. 
  20. U.S. Gen. Serv. Admin, Rules and Policies – Protecting PII – Privacy Act (Jan. 12, 2020), https://www.gsa.gov/reference/gsa-privacy-program/rules-and-policies-protecting-pii-privacy-act .
  21. See Office of Privacy and Open Gov’t, Safeguarding Information (Oct. 7, 2019), https://www.osec.doc.gov/opog/privacy/pii_bii.html .  
  22. See Michelle Tyde & Brooke McGuffey, Avoid Legal Traps When Drafting a Privacy Policy, Daily Report (Oct. 26, 2016), https://www.law.com/dailyreportonline/almID/1202770776395/avoid-legal-traps-when-drafting-a-privacy-policy/?slreturn=20200401144758 .
  23. The author examined the privacy policy used by an actual company, Boxed Wholesale, an e-commerce startup, as an example. See Privacy Policy, Giddy Inc., https://www.boxed.com/privacy-policy/ (last visited February 25, 2020). 
  24. See id. 
  25. Internet cookies are one of the popular systems that allow websites to collect and remember the customer’s information. See Internet Cookies, Fed. Trade Comm’n, https://www.ftc.gov/site-information/privacy-policy/internet-cookies (last visited March 1, 2020). 
  26. See Privacy Policy, Giddy Inc., https://www.boxed.com/privacy-policy/ (last visited February 25, 2020). 
  27. See id. 
  28. Here, we assume that John’s business covers only the U.S. 
  29. Each section has specific rules that operators must comply with. For example, as for (1), customers can request that companies disclose their collected information twice per year, and the companies must respond to the request within 45 days upon receiving it. See Catherine D. Meyer, James R. Franco & Fusae Nara, Countdown to the CCPA: Updating Your Privacy Policy, 5-8 Pratt’s Privacy and Cybersecurity Law Report 200 (2019). 
  30. See U.S. Dep’t of Justice Civil Rights Div., Information and Technical Assistance on the Americans with Disabilities Act, https://www.ada.gov/ada_title_III.htm (last visited March 1, 2020). 
  31. See U.S. Dep’t of Justice Civil Rights Div., Americans with Disabilities Act ADA Title III Technical Assistance Manual Covering Public Accommodations and Commercial Facilities, https://www.ada.gov/taman3.html (last visited March 1, 2020). 
  32. Gil v. Winn-Dixie Stores, Inc., 257 F. Supp. 3d 1340, 1342 (S.D. Fla. 2017). 
  33. Gil v. Winn-Dixie Stores at 1348; see also Nat’l Fed’n of the Blind v. Target Corp., 452 F.Supp.2d 946, 953-55 (N.D. Cal. 2006). 
  34. Gomez v. Bang & Olufsen Am., Inc., No. [*1349] 16-23801, at 8, 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 15457 (S.D. Fla. Feb. 2, 2017). 
  35. 42 U.S.C. § 12182(a). 
  36. See Minh N. Vu, First Federal Court Rules That Having an Inaccessible Website Violates Title III of the ADA, Seyfarth (June 13, 2017), https://www.adatitleiii.com/2017/06/first-federal-court-rules-that-having-an-inaccessible-website-violates-title-iii-of-the-ada/ .
  37. See Peter Boyd, How To Test Your Website for ADA And WCAG Compliance, Forbes (May 8, 2019), https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesagencycouncil/2019/05/08/how-to-test-your-website-for-ada-and-wcag-compliance/#71136bd467bf .
  38. World Wide Web Consortium, Introduction to Understanding WCAG 2.1, https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG21/Understanding/intro#understanding-the-four-principles-of-accessibility (last visited March 10, 2020). 
  39. World Wide Web Consortium, Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1, https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG21/#toc (last visited March 12, 2020). 
  40. See id.
  41. See id.
  42. See id.
  43. See id. 
  44. See U.S. Dep’t of the Treasury, Frequently Asked Questions Regarding Prepaid Access (Mar. 24, 2016), https://www.fincen.gov/resources/statutes-regulations/guidance/frequently-asked-questions-regarding-prepaid-access .
  45. 15 U.S.C. § 6502(a)(1). 
Advertisements

カテゴリー

まにまにライフろぐをもっと見る

今すぐ購読し、続きを読んで、すべてのアーカイブにアクセスしましょう。

続きを読む